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论文写作工具总结 - note |
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    <p>论文写作方式总体上分为两种方式：① Word；② Latex。</p>
<p>Word自不必多少，Latex后面章节会介绍。两种方式都能写论文，但博主极力推荐，能用Latex就用Latex，因为当你熟悉后，它所带来的便利是无法想法的。</p>
<h1 id="1-一段苦不堪言的回忆"><a href="#1-一段苦不堪言的回忆" class="headerlink" title="1 一段苦不堪言的回忆"></a>1 一段苦不堪言的回忆</h1><p>先说Word。阅读本博文的读者必然是有写论文经历的，比如本科毕业论文，学术论文等等，或者即将要写论文。以本科毕业论文为例，读者在撰写时是否遇到过如下的问题呢？</p>
<p><strong>参考文献管理：</strong> 当年博主在写本科毕业论文时，手动管理参考文献列表（进知网-查文献-复制国标引文），手动插入参考文献（在需要引用的地方添加编号），可谓是吃尽苦头。尤其是初稿写完后，导师一改，删掉或调整了一大部分，部分段落前后顺序变动，然后整篇文章的参考文献引用编号也要从头改到尾。苦不堪言。</p>
<p><strong>公式编写： </strong> 当时博主用的时wps写的本科毕业论文（当时觉着wps和office word差不多），插入公式时使用的是“ 公式编辑器 ” MathType。一个个符号找过去如同是在玩捉迷藏，有时候得找了好几遍。另一个就是公式标号，当时偷懒，疯狂按Tab，然后也是手动维护公式的编号，好在公式不多。</p>
<p><strong>图片和表格：</strong> word插图片是真的难顶。尤其是图片乱跑，有时候又显示不全，总之很难受。再一个就是图表编号，手动维护 表1，图1，图2，这样的编号，一旦文章内容发生变化，保不齐图片编号也要跟着调整。</p>
<p>word看似使用门槛低，但是想要用好，排版好看，需要掌握的技巧太多。</p>
<p>不知道读者看完这段经历，是感觉好笑呢？还是在照镜子呢？</p>
<p>读研期间，学习到了很多东西，上述提到的问题都迎刃而解。现在回想起来，为什么我当时写毕业论文的时候不知道查一查呢。</p>
<h1 id="2-Word"><a href="#2-Word" class="headerlink" title="2 Word"></a>2 Word</h1><h2 id="2-1-参考文献管理"><a href="#2-1-参考文献管理" class="headerlink" title="2.1 参考文献管理"></a>2.1 参考文献管理</h2><h3 id="2-1-1-文献管理工具"><a href="#2-1-1-文献管理工具" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1 文献管理工具"></a>2.1.1 文献管理工具</h3><p>读研之后知道了文献管理工具，比如Endnote，Zotero等等（博主推荐Zotero），它们有与word相结合的插件。通过该插件，可以从论文管理工具中检索文献，并导入word中。</p>
<h4 id="2-1-1-1-安装教程"><a href="#2-1-1-1-安装教程" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1.1 安装教程"></a>2.1.1.1 安装教程</h4><p>第一步：安装Zetero Microsoft Word：Zetero $\rightarrow$ 编辑 $\rightarrow$ 首选项 $\rightarrow$ 引用 $\rightarrow$ 文档编辑软件 $\rightarrow$ 安装Microsoft Word插件。你会在<code>C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Word\STARTUP</code>中看到<code>Zotero.dotm</code></p>
<p>第二步：如果你是用wps word的话，你可能还需要VBA环境</p>
<h4 id="2-1-1-2-操作流程"><a href="#2-1-1-2-操作流程" class="headerlink" title="2.1.1.2 操作流程"></a>2.1.1.2 操作流程</h4><p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102011957685.png" alt="image-20231102011957685"></p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102012147858.png" alt="image-20231102012147858"><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102012338141.png" alt="image-20231102012338141"></p>
<p>推荐的一些链接【会不断更新】：</p>
<ol>
<li><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjY0MjI5Ni9hcnRpY2xlL2RldGFpbHMvMTI5Mjc4MjM3">Zotero设置毕业论文/中文期刊参考文献格式</span></p>
</li>
<li><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuamlhbnNodS5jb20vcC9kZmRkMjc5ZmY4Yzc=">Zotero引用文献GB7714-2005用于毕业论文的格式</span></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-1-2-Bibtex4Word"><a href="#2-1-2-Bibtex4Word" class="headerlink" title="2.1.2 Bibtex4Word"></a>2.1.2 Bibtex4Word</h3><p>存在一种情况：论文中需要引用60篇论文，但其中绝大部分你没有看过，或者没必要看，只是单纯的引用一下。比如 BLEU，METEOR，ROUGE，BERTScore，BARTScore等指标，常见于文本生成领域的文章。自己的论文中评估模型生成结果用到了这些指标然后需要引用指标的出处。实际上，你仅仅是只是这些指标的含义，原论文也没有看过，至于怎么算的都有现成的包调一下就行。</p>
<p>而上一小节的做法，其实会把这些你不想看，却又不得不引的文章加入到zotero中进行管理。对博主来说，这会让文献库变得混乱。对于博主而言，文献管理工具管理的应该是自己要看的、需要看的、和自身方向相关的文献。</p>
<p>如何才能引文献，又不会让文献库乱掉呢？答：Bibtex4Word</p>
<p>这也是一个插件，安装教程可以参考：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM3NDEyNzc1L2FydGljbGUvZGV0YWlscy8xMjA4NTQwMTc=">word使用Bibtex4Word插入参考文献</span></p>
<p>安装好插件之后，就可以看到下图所示内容：</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102015435153.png" alt="image-20231102015435153"></p>
<p>使用方式如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>设置论文的参考文献库（bib文件）：<img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102015520111.png" alt="image-20231102015520111"></li>
<li>设置参考文献格式</li>
</ol>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102015604226.png" alt="image-20231102015604226"></p>
<p>文献格式的候选值包括：</p>
<ul>
<li>plain：按字母的顺序排列，比较次序为作者、年、标题</li>
<li>unsrt：样式同plain，只是按照引用先后顺序排列</li>
<li>abbrv：类似plain，将月份全拼改为缩写，更显紧凑；</li>
<li>ieeetr：国际电气电子工程师协会期刊样式；</li>
<li>acm：美国计算机学会期刊样式；</li>
<li>siam：美国工业和应用数学学会期刊样式；</li>
</ul>
<p>如果想要使用其他的格式，比如GB/T 7714-2015，读者可以访问：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL3plcGluZ2xlZS9nYnQ3NzE0LWJpYnRleC1zdHlsZQ==">Repo</span>下载所需要的格式文件。</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102020149247.png" alt="image-20231102020149247"></p>
<p><strong><code>/^/nsch</code>可以让参考文献按照引用先后顺序排列</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><p>引用参考文献：<img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102015624016.png" alt="image-20231102015624016"></p>
</li>
<li><p>生成参考文献列表：<img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102015633554.png" alt="image-20231102015633554"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="2-2-公式编辑"><a href="#2-2-公式编辑" class="headerlink" title="2.2 公式编辑"></a>2.2 公式编辑</h2><p>用WPS的word写公式，自然还是使用MathType公式编辑器，然后一个个符号找过去。另一个就是公式的编号，比如下面这张图显示的那样。</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/20231102010312.png" alt=""></p>
<p>如何让(1) (2) 对齐也是个问题。若是读者对 word 很熟练，有经验，自然是可以通过某些设置做到，网上也有相关的教程。但，博主相信，有不少的读者是不断的按 Space 或者Tab来达成这样的效果。</p>
<p>若读者使用的是office word，那么可以有更便捷的方式，如下图所示：</p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102010954058.png" alt="image-20231102010954058"></p>
<h2 id="2-3-图片表格编号"><a href="#2-3-图片表格编号" class="headerlink" title="2.3 图片表格编号"></a>2.3 图片表格编号</h2><p>图表Caption能否自动编号？</p>
<p>据博主所知是不行的。读者可以自行搜搜有没有相关的插件，或者有能力的读者自行做一个插件。</p>
<h1 id="3-Latex"><a href="#3-Latex" class="headerlink" title="3 Latex"></a>3 Latex</h1><h2 id="3-1-概览"><a href="#3-1-概览" class="headerlink" title="3.1 概览"></a>3.1 概览</h2><pre><code class="lang-tex">\documentclass&#123;article&#125;  % 声明文章类型: article, book, ...
\usepackage&#123;booktabs&#125;  % 导包
\usepackage&#123;ACL2023&#125; % 文档格式/风格 文件, 通常以.sty结尾
\title&#123;&#125;  % 文章题目
\author&#123;&#125; % 文章作者

\begin&#123;document&#125;

    \begin&#123;abstract&#125;
    \end&#123;abstract&#125;

    \section&#123;一级标题&#125;
    \subsection&#123;二级标题&#125;
    \subsubsection&#123;三级标题&#125;

    \section*&#123;致谢&#125;  % 带* 不会创建标题编号

    \bibliography&#123;ref&#125;  % 关联参考文献文件, bib文件
    \bibliographystyle&#123;acl_natbib&#125;  % 参考文献格式 bst文件

    \appendix  % 从这条命令之后，都是附录
\end&#123;document&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="3-2-参考文献管理"><a href="#3-2-参考文献管理" class="headerlink" title="3.2 参考文献管理"></a>3.2 参考文献管理</h2><p>这里需要提到的知识点是：<code>bib</code>文件</p>
<p>本质上，<code>bib</code>文件是一个被<code>BibTex</code>格式的文献填满的文本文件</p>
<p>至于如何创建：新建txt，改后缀为<code>bib</code></p>
<p><img data-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Silverbeats/picture/img/image-20231102015027726.png" alt="image-20231102015027726"></p>
<p>之前，需要引用的参考文献是往Zotero中加，现在变成往<code>bib</code>文件中添加，这样就可以保持Zotero的纯净。</p>
<pre><code class="lang-tex">% 有时候，通过百度学术、知网、谷歌学术导出的Bibtex含有的信息不会很全面
% 倘若期刊、毕业论文要求必须是xxx格式，那么就需要通过别的手段获取缺失的
% 信息，补全导出的Bibtex
@article&#123;2015Traffic,
  title=&#123;Traffic Flow Prediction With Big Data: A Deep Learning Approach&#125;,
  author=&#123; Lv, Y.  and  Duan, Y.  and  Kang, W.  and  Li, Z.  and  Wang, F. Y. &#125;,
  journal=&#123;IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems&#125;,
  volume=&#123;16&#125;,
  number=&#123;2&#125;,
  pages=&#123;865-873&#125;,
  year=&#123;2015&#125;,
&#125;
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="lang-tex">2015Traffic: 该文献的标签/id，唯一的
title：论文题目,
author：论文作者,
journal：论文发布期刊、会议或者所属，有些论文用booktitle,
volume：卷,
number：号,
pages：页码,
year：年份
</code></pre>
<p>你可以使用 vscode，texstudio，记事本等工具修改<code>bib</code>文件，但这里推荐使用 <strong>JabRef</strong></p>
<h2 id="3-3-公式编辑"><a href="#3-3-公式编辑" class="headerlink" title="3.3 公式编辑"></a>3.3 公式编辑</h2><div class="table-container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">命令</th>
<th style="text-align:left">描述</th>
<th style="text-align:left">示例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>^</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">上角标</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>2^4</code> =&gt; $2^4$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>_</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">下角标</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>A_1</code> =&gt; $A_1$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\sum</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">求和</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\sum_&#123;i=1&#125;^k a_i</code> =&gt; $\sum_{i=1}^k a_i$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\prod</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">求积</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\prod_&#123;i=1&#125;^k a_i</code> =&gt;  $\prod_{i=1}^k a_i$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\frac</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">分式</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\frac&#123;1&#125;&#123;2&#125;</code> =&gt; $\frac{1} {2}$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\alpha</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">希腊字符-阿尔法</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\alpha</code> =&gt; $\alpha$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\sqrt[]&#123;&#125;</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">根号</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\sqrt[2]&#123;2&#125;</code> =&gt; $\sqrt 2$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\dots</code></td>
<td style="text-align:left">省略号</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>\dots</code> =&gt; $\dots$</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">……</td>
<td style="text-align:left">……</td>
<td style="text-align:left">……</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<h2 id="3-4-图表编号"><a href="#3-4-图表编号" class="headerlink" title="3.4 图表编号"></a>3.4 图表编号</h2><p>图表自动编号。</p>
<pre><code class="lang-tex">本模型的实验结果见表~\ref&#123;table:shiyan_result&#125;，图~\ref&#123;fig: model&#125;为模型图。

\begin&#123;figure&#125;
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]&#123;model.png&#125; % model.png是图片文件的相对路径
  \caption&#123;模型图&#125; % caption是图片的标题
  \label&#123;fig: model&#125; % 此处的label相当于一个图片的专属标志，目的是方便上下文的引用
\end&#123;figure&#125;


\begin&#123;table&#125;[htbp]
    \centering
    \small
    \begin&#123;tabular&#125;&#123;llll&#125;
        \toprule
        Model &amp; BLEU &amp; PPL &amp; Acc(\%) \\ \midrule
        xxx &amp; 100 &amp; 183.4 &amp; 18.9 \\
        xxx &amp; 46.0 &amp; 192.6 &amp; \textbf&#123;52.9&#125; \\
        xx &amp; 78.5 &amp; 252.0 &amp; 49.0 \\
        xxxx &amp; \textbf&#123;82.5&#125; &amp; 189.2 &amp; 57,9 \\ \hline
        Our Model &amp; 69.1 &amp; \textbf&#123;29.6&#125; &amp; 33.6 \\ \bottomrule
    \end&#123;tabular&#125;
    \caption&#123;实验结果&#125;
    \label&#123;table:shiyan_result&#125;
\end&#123;table&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="3-5-Latex编辑工具"><a href="#3-5-Latex编辑工具" class="headerlink" title="3.5 Latex编辑工具"></a>3.5 Latex编辑工具</h2><ol>
<li>在线<ol>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub3ZlcmxlYWYuY29tLw==">Overleaf</span></li>
</ol>
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<li>环境：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly90dWcub3JnL3RleGxpdmUvYWNxdWlyZS1uZXRpbnN0YWxsLmh0bWw=">Tex Live</span></li>
<li>编辑器：① <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2RlLnZpc3VhbHN0dWRpby5jb20v">vscode</span>；② <span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGV4c3R1ZGlvLm9yZy8=">TexStudio</span></li>
<li>教程：<span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDMxOTM0L2FydGljbGUvZGV0YWlscy8xMjQwNzkxNDI=">Latex- Texlive+Texstudio 安装和使用</span></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="3-6-辅助工具"><a href="#3-6-辅助工具" class="headerlink" title="3.6 辅助工具"></a>3.6 辅助工具</h2><ol>
<li><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGF0ZXhsaXZlLmNvbQ==">在线 LaTeX 公式编辑器（界面好看）</span></li>
<li><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29kZWNvZ3MuY29tL2xhdGV4L2VxbmVkaXRvci5waHA=">在线 LaTeX 公式编辑器</span></p>
</li>
<li><p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGFibGVzZ2VuZXJhdG9yLmNvbS8=">Tables Generator</span></p>
</li>
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